The Georgia Regional Transportation Authority was created by legislative act in 1999 to manage land transportation and air quality of all counties designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as a nonattainment area under the Clean Air Act and which the board designated as having excessive levels of ozone, carbon monoxide, or particulate matter. Among GRTA's roles is to cooperatively develop transit plans for areas within its jurisdiction; measures effectiveness in improving air quality, mobility, accessibility and land use practices, and in reducing congestion; and encourage land use practices that promote efficient use of transportation investments.

The GRTA Board of Directors consists of fifteen members appointed by the Governor for five-year terms. Membership must reasonably reflect the characteristics of the general public within the authority's jurisdiction. Members cannot hold any other office of profit or trust under the state.